Worksheet: J0/J1 | CS 2113 Software Engineering - Spring 2022

Worksheet: J0/J1

Worksheets are self-guided activities that reinforce lectures. They are not graded for accuracy, only for completion. Worksheets are due by Sunday night before the next lecture.

Note

Attempt to answer these questions before running the code. This will improve your ability to analyize and reason about code without an IDE or compiler. This skill we be helpful on the exams.

Questions

  1. Which of the following is an object and which is a basic type?

    
    int a;
    double b;
    int c[] = {1,2,3};
    String s = "Hello World";
    

  2. Write a Java program Q2.java that is roughly the equivalent of this C code

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    
    int main(){
        
        int c;
        printf("Enter an array length greater than 0 and less than or equal to 15:\n");
        scanf("%d",&c);
    
        if(c < 0 || c > 15){
            fprintf(stderr,"ERROR: Invalid length %d\n",c);
            exit(1);
        }
        
        
        double * a = calloc(c,sizeof(double));    
        for(int i=0;i<c;i++){
            if(i > 0){
                a[i] = (a[i-1]+2)*3.15;
            }else{
                a[i] = 10.8;
            }
        }
     
       char str[1024];
       strcpy(str,"{ ");//copy start of string
       for(int i=0;i<c;i++){
       
          //format print into cur_str
          char cur_str[32];
          snprintf(cur_str,32,"%d\n",i, (int) a[i]);
          
          //concatenate cur_str onto str
          strcat(str,cur_str);
       }
       strcat(str," }");
       
       //results prints a as { x y z ... w }
       printf("%s\n",str);
    }
    

  3. Draw a memory diagram of your resulting Q2.java program you wrote for above? Be sure to label the stack and the heap

  4. Two part question:

    (A) What is a static method in Java?

    (B) Why does the main method need to be a static method?

    public class Hello {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            System.out.println("hello, world");
        }
    }
    

  5. What is the output of the following main method?

    public static void main(String args[]) {
        String str = "Java is my favorite language";
        str += '!';
        System.out.println(str + " and python is my second");
    }
    

  6. What is the output of the following programs?

    /* Program 1 */
    public static void main(final String args[]){
        String choice = new String("A");
        if (choice == "A") {
            System.out.println("Correct");
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("Wrong");
        }
    }
    
    /* Program 2 */
    public static void main(final String args[]){
        String choice = new String("A");
        if (choice.equals("A")) {
            System.out.println("Correct");
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("Wrong");
        }
    }
    

  7. Does the below program change the season? Why, or why not?

    static void change_season(String str){
        str = "Spring";
    }
    
    public static void main(final String args[]){
        String season = "Winter";
        change_season(season);
        System.out.println("The current season is: " + season);
    }
    

  8. What is the output of the main method below? Please explain.

    public class Point {
        double x = 0;
        double y = 0;
    
        public Point(double x, double y) {
            x = x;
            y = y;
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(final String args[]) {
        Point point = new Point(1, 2);
        System.out.println("X: " + point.x + " Y: " + point.y);
    }
    

  9. What principle of OOP does the private declaration for variable and functions achieve? Explain.

  10. In the Point class below, how does Java choose between the two constructors.

    public class Point{
    
       private double x, y; 
       
       public Point(double x, double y) {
            this.x = x;
            this.y = y;
       }
    
       public Point(Point other) {
           this.x = other.getX();
           this.y = other.getY();
       }
    
    }
    

  11. For the below questions, when the class Point is referenced, we are talking about the below class, which you can assume is fully implemented and working as described:

    public class Point{
       private double x,y; //the x,y fields
       public Point(double x,double y); //construct a point from an x,y
       public Point(Point other); //construct a point from another point
       public double getX(); //return the x component
       public double getY(); //return the y component
       public double setXY(double x, double y); //return the x component
       public String toString(); //return the string representation
       private double sum_x_y(); // Returns the sum of X and Y
    }
    
    

    Say we want to make a class that extends Point with a method that can reflect a point across the X and Y axis:

    public class CustomPoint extends Point{
        public void reflect(); // Reflects point
    }
    

    Which of the following implementations achieves this?

        // Option 1
        public void reflect() {
            x = -x;
            y = -y;
        }
    
        // Option 2
        public void reflect() {
            this.x = -this.x;
            this.y = -this.y;
        }
    
        // Option 3
        public void reflect() {
            this = Point(-x,-y);
        }
        
        // Option 4
        public void reflect() {
            double x = -this.getX();
            double y =-this.getY();
            this.setXY(x,y);
        }
        
        // Option 5
        public void reflect() {
            x = -this.getX();
            y = -this.getY();
        }
    

    Explain why.

  12. If we add this constructor to CustomPoint:

        public CustomPoint() {
            setXY(10,10); // Line 1
            super(0,0); // Line 2
        }
    

    …and then run this program, what is the output?

        public static void main(final String args[]) {
            CustomPoint p = new CustomPoint();
            System.out.println(p.toString());
        }
    

  13. What if we switch line 1 and 2 in the previous question?

  14. If we want to re-implement sum_x_y in our custom point, but first reflect the point before returning the sum, which of the following implementations are valid? (Note: assume that reflect has a valid implementation)

        //Option 1
        public double sum_x_y() {
            this.reflect()
            return super.sum_x_y();
        }
    
        //Option 2
        public double sum_x_y() {
            this.reflect();
            return this.getX() + this.getY();
        }
    
        //Option 3
        public double custom_sum_x_y() {
            this.reflect()
            return super.sum_x_y();
        }
    
        //Option 4
        public double custom_sum_x_y() {
            this.reflect();
            return this.getX() + this.getY();
        }
    
    

    Explain your answer?

  15. Consider the following class

    
    public class Racecar{
    
        private int number; 
        private Driver driver; //assume implemented properly
        protected String sponsor = null;
        public Racecar(int n, Driver d){
            number = n;
            driver = d;
        }
    
        public String toString(){
            return "Car #"+number+" Driver: "+driver;
        }
        
        protected addSponsor(String sp){
            sponsor = sp;
        }
    }
    

    Suppose we want to extend this to a FormulaOne class which has a make, e.g., Mercedes, complete the constructor and toString() method that would make this functional?

    
    public class FormulaOne extends Racecar{
        private String make;
    
        //TODO
    }
    

  16. Using the Racecar and FormulaOne classes above, if we had a main method

    
    public static void main(String args[]){
    
    
       Racecar r = new Racecar(/* ... some args .. */);
       r.addSponsor("Home Depot"); //<--A
    
       FormulaOne f1 = new FormulaOne(/* ... some args .. */);
       f1.addSponsor("Home Depot"); //<--B
         
    }
    

    Does the code work at mark A or mark B or neither? Explain.

  17. Consider the UML diagram exercise from the notes. Expand this to include an intern. An intern is like an employee, has a manager, unit, but has an expiration on their employment. How does this fit into the UML diagram?

    Additionally, come up with one additional type for this company, describe it and add it to the UML diagram.

    Include your UML diagram and explanation with this worksheet.